Canada nwere mmanụ ala nke atọ kachasị n'ụwa, nke kachasị dị na ájá mmanụ.Ọ bụ ezie na a na-achọta ájá mmanụ na ebe nchekwa ihe n'ụwa nile, ájá mmanụ Alberta bụ mmiri mmiri, na-eme ka bitumen bitumen nwee ike iji naanị mmiri ọkụ.Mụtakwuo maka nkwụnye ego a pụrụ iche, yana ụfọdụ kemịkalụ ya na nke anụ ahụ.
Aja mmanụ bụ ntụ ntụ tọgbọrọ chakoo nke nwere ụdị mmanụ ala a na-akpọ bitumen.Nkwakọba nkume aja ndị a na-edochaghị anya bụ nke bụ́ ájá, ụrọ na mmiri juru eju na bitumen.A na-akpọ ájá mmanụ mgbe ụfọdụ ka ájá tar ma ọ bụ ájá bituminous.
Ngwakọta nke ájá mmanụ Alberta nwere ike ịdịgasị iche nke ukwuu, ọbụlagodi n'ime otu nhazi ala.Nkwụnye ego aja nke mmanụ nwere ihe dị ka 10% bitumen, 5% mmiri na 85% siri ike.Agbanyeghị, ọdịnaya bitumen nwere ike ịdị elu ruo 20% n'akụkụ ụfọdụ.
Ihe siri ike dị n'ime ebe nchekwa ájá mmanụ na-abụkarị ájá silica quartz (na-emekarị ihe karịrị 80%), na-enwe obere akụkụ nke potassium feldspar na ụrọ dị mma.Ngwakọta nke ụrọ na-abụkarị kaolinite, illite, chlorite na smectite.Nkwụnye ego nwere nnukwu ihe nrịbama na-enwekarị ọdịnaya bitumen dị ala, a na-ewerekwa ya dị ka ọla dị ala.Iwu a dị n'ime oge mmiri nke nkwụnye ego.
Ọdịnaya mmiri ahụ nwekwara ike ịdịgasị iche nke ukwuu, site na ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ efu ruo ihe ruru 9%.N'ozuzu, ngalaba nwere oke mmiri dị elu na-enwekwa obere bitumen na ụgwọ ndị ọzọ.Mmiri dị n'ime ebe nchekwa ájá mmanụ (nke a na-akpọkarị mmiri connate) na-eburu ya ọtụtụ ion soluble, gụnyere sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride na sulfate.A na-agbakọta nra n'ime nkwụnye ego ahụ, mgbe ụfọdụ a na-ezo aka dị ka oghere ụrọ.
Amamihe ọdịnala bụ na a na-ekpuchi ọka nke ájá na mmiri oyi akwa, ọ bụ ezie na egosipụtabeghị echiche a.A na-ejikọta mmiri, ájá, ụrọ na bitumen n'ime ebe nchekwa ájá mmanụ.